1 Samuel

First Samuel marks a momentous transition in Israel’s history—from the period of the judges to the establishment of the monarchy. The narrative begins with Hannah’s heartfelt prayer for a child, resulting in the birth of Samuel, who grows up to become a respected prophet and the last judge of Israel. Through Samuel, God responds to the people’s demand for a king, anointing Saul as Israel’s first monarch. Initially humble, Saul’s partial obedience to God’s commands eventually leads to his downfall. As Saul’s reign unravels, God directs Samuel to anoint a young shepherd named David, described as “a man after God’s own heart.”

The tension between Saul and David becomes a central drama, highlighting themes of faith, humility, and God’s sovereign choice. Though David rises to prominence after defeating Goliath, he must flee Saul’s jealous persecution. Despite his trials, David shows patience and trust in God’s timing, refusing to seize the throne prematurely. The book closes with Saul’s tragic end, setting the stage for David’s rightful kingship. Through David’s story, 1 Samuel also foreshadows the coming of Jesus, the “Son of David,” who will rule as the ultimate Shepherd-King.