Luke 23 Commentary

The Priests bring and accuse Jesus to Pilate. Not permitted to execute Jesus themselves, the Sanhedrin brings Jesus to Pilate early in the morning for His Roman or Civil Trial. They present three charges against Jesus: He is misleading the nation; He teaches people to not pay their taxes; He claims to be a king. The third accusation is the most serious and the one that the trial chiefly pursues. This event is part of the first phase of Jesus’s Civil Trial. It is known as Jesus’s Arraignment before Pilate.

Pilate’s First Interview with Jesus and his First Declaration of Innocence: Pilate follows up on the charge of insurrection and interviews Jesus, asking Him if He is the King of the Jews. Jesus replies, "It is as you say." Pilate finds nothing in Jesus’s answer to convict Him, so declares His innocence. The chief priests are adamant that Jesus must die. As they protest, Pilate hears that Jesus is from Galilee, and decides to send Jesus to Herod, the ruler of that district, and let him deal with the trial. This event is part of the first phase of Jesus’s Civil Trial. It is known as Jesus’s Arraignment before Pilate.

Herod Antipas judges Jesus: When Jesus first arrives in Herod Antipas’s court, the tetrarch is greatly pleased because he has been wanting to see the miracle worker perform a sign. When Jesus remains completely silent, Herod’s demeanor shifts to contempt and he leads his court in mocking Jesus, dressing him in a fine robe as a joke, and then returns Him to Pilate. This is the second phase of Jesus’s Civil Trial. It is known as Jesus’s Audience before Herod Antipas.

Pilate’s First Attempt to Release Jesus: When Jesus is returned from Herod to Pilate, the Roman governor summarizes the events of the civil trial thus far. He restates the verdicts. Jesus was not guilty of the charges as declared by both Pilate and Herod. Then in an extraordinary gesture to appease Jesus’s accusers, Pilate offers to punish Jesus (despite his declarations of Him having no guilt) before he releases Him. This passage begins Luke’s account of the third phase of Jesus’s Civil Trial. This phase is called: "Pilate’s Judgment."

"The Passover Pardon": Pilate’s Second Attempt to Release Jesus: Luke interrupts his narrative of the third phase of Jesus’s civil trial to mention an obligation the Roman governor had to the people of Judea. Each year the governor of Judea would release one prisoner during the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Pilate will soon make use of this obligation in an attempt to release Jesus.This interjection occurs within Luke’s account of the third phase of Jesus’s Civil Trial. This phase is called: "Pilate’s Judgment."

The Crowd Chooses Barabbas: The crowd responds to Pilate’s offer to use the governor’s "Passover Pardon" on Jesus by shouting at Him to give them Barabbas instead. Barabbas had been imprisoned for insurrection and murder. Pilate wanted to release Jesus and tries to persuade the crowd again, but they kept on calling out—"Crucify, crucify Him!" This event is part of the third phase of Jesus’s Civil Trial. This phase is called: "Pilate’s Judgment."

Pilate’s Third Attempt to Release Jesus: Pilate attempts to release Jesus a third time and asks the crowd (who is demanding Jesus’s crucifixion) "Why, what evil has this man done?" No response is recorded. Pilate then reiterates Jesus’s innocence and tells the crowd that he will punish Him (by Roman flogging) before releasing Him. This event is part of the third phase of Jesus’s Civil Trial. This phase is called: "Pilate’s Judgment."

The Crowd Prevails and Pilate’s Verdict: The crowd was insistently loud in demanding that Jesus be crucified. Eventually their voices began to prevail so that Pilate granted their wishes. He released Barabbas for them, but gave Jesus over to their murderous will. This passage concludes Luke’s account of the third and final phase of Jesus’s Civil Trial. This phase is called: "Pilate’s Judgment."